| Introduction |
| Building Relationships |
| Wildlife Habitat Linkages |
| Tools for Connectivity Planning: |
| • Aerial Photos |
| • Land Ownership Maps |
| • Vegetation Maps |
| • Topography |
| • Wildlife Habitat and Range |
| • Roadkill Information |
| • Initiating a Connectivity Plan |
| Types of Wildlife Crossings: |
| • Signs |
| • Interactive Signs |
| • Round Culverts |
| • Box Culverts |
| • Multi-Plate Arches |
| • Open-Span Bridges |
| • Bridge Extensions |
| • Wildlife Overpasses |
| Designing an Effective Wildlife Crossing: |
| • Keep it Natural |
| • Location |
| • Approaches |
| • Crossing Bottom Material and Design |
| • Fencing |
| • Escape Ramps |
| • Lane Configuration |
| • Highway Bridge Heights |
| • Structure Size and Type |
| Species-Specific Considerations: |
| • Large Carnivores |
| • Mid-Sized Carnivores |
| • Small Carnivores |
| • Wildlife Crossing Checklist |
| Wildlife Monitoring |
| Going Forward Together |
| Crossing Structure Type and Size - Alternatives By Species |
| Appendix and Literature Cited |
| Further Information |
